Environmental Enforcement

Companies must do a much better job at factoring environmental responsibilities into the overall costs of doing business. Corporate environmental leadership involves a substantive commitment to maximizing the efficiency and productivity of all resources used in corporate operations, designing products with fewer toxic components, quantifiable efforts to eliminate waste and harmful emissions, and a commitment to responsible disposal and recycling practices at the end of a product's useful life.

A good place to start thinking about operating in a truly environmentally responsible manner without sacrificing profitability is the vision set forth in Natural Capitalism: Creating The Next Industrial Revolution, the landmark 1999 book by Amory and Hunter Lovins and Paul Hawkin. Natural Capital refers to the earth's natural resources and the ecological systems that provide vital life-support services to society. These services have great economic value; some have no known substitutes. Yet current business practices typically fail to take into account the value of these assets-which is rising with their scarcity. As a result, natural capital is being degraded and liquidated by wasteful use of resources such as energy, materials, water, fiber, and topsoil.

The next industrial revolution will employ new business models that are responsive to these "changing patterns of scarcity," say the authors. It will radically increase the productivity of natural resources, shift to biologically inspired production models, seek to change business models from the sale of products to providing a "continuous flow" of services, and find business opportunities in restoring depleted ecosystems.

The Next Industrial Revolution

This industrial revolution is already happening, led by companies that have found ways to profit and gain competitive advantage from the principles of environmental sustainability and Natural Capital.

  • The research expertise involved in the Hypercar initiative at the Lovinses' Rocky Mountain Institute was a key factor in the development of hybrid automobiles by commercial automakers. Toyota's Prius can get more than 48 miles per gallon and Honda's Insight gets 56 mpg. These advanced low-emission automobiles combine elements of gasoline-powered and electric vehicles to obtain 30 miles per gallon more than most vehicles for the same price tag as many traditional gas-powered vehicles.
  • Interface, Inc., the world's leading commercial carpet manufacturer with annual sales of $1.2 billion, has made a public commitment to try to achieve environmental sustainability through eliminating waste, harmful emissions, using renewable energy sources, and developing closed loop products and processes based on the vision set forth in Natural Capital. The company says it has already saved $165 million since 1995 by focusing on elimination of waste. It has also has decreased average water consumption per unit of product by 23% and increased the use of non-petroleum based products in its materials from 13% to 22%.

Environmental Performance and Financial Performance

Taking responsibility for environmental challenges does not mean sacrificing financial performance. There is now a sizable amount of data linking improved environmental performance to positive financial results. The Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index recently determined that companies focusing on a "triple bottom line" of economic, environmental and ethical sustainability outperform other companies in the stock market.

Studies of the energy, chemical and computer industries by Innovest Strategic Value Advisors have similarly found a consistently positive correlation between superior environmental performance within an industry sector and superior financial performance.

An analysis of 243 companies over two years concluded that companies with better environmental records appear to have higher than average return on assets. The researchers said "environmental performance and economic performance are positively linked and that industry growth moderates the relationship, with the returns to environmental performance higher in high-growth industries" (Russo & Fouts, 1998). Click here for report.

At the same time public opinion polls among consumers and investors alike demonstrate strong concerns about the impact of corporate actions on the environment. The public is concerned about the impact of global warming, carcinogens and toxics in products, and potential health impacts related to genetically modified foods.

Building on the Home Depot Commitment

As You Sow's Corporate Social Responsibility Program has already established itself as a leader in encouraging environmentally responsible behavior. The program led a group of socially responsible investors in asking Home Depot, the world's largest retailer of old-growth lumber, to consider phasing out sales of old growth wood.

A shareholder resolution initiative managed by As You Sow received the support of 11.8% of all shareholders (113 million shares) at the company's annual meeting in May 1999. We personally contacted 150 of the top institutional investors of Home Depot stock with the message that it was possible for the company to protect the world's dwindling endangered forest areas and to preserve its good name and long-term earnings at the same time. This result was more than double the 5% average support that such resolutions routinely receive at annual meetings of publicly traded companies. A coalition of environmental activists was also pressuring the company to phase out sales of old-growth wood.

Three months later Home Depot announced it would indeed phase out sales of wood products from endangered forest areas by the end of 2002. As part of a new timber purchasing policy the company also agreed to:

  • Give preference to the sale of timber certified as well managed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) wherever possible.
  • Find and promote ways to use wood more efficiently.
  • Promote and support alternatives to wood products.
  • Ensure that timber suppliers are in compliance with existing laws and regulations

We support this comprehensive approach that seeks to make up for the loss of old-growth sales by promoting alternatives to virgin wood products and to find ways to use wood more efficiently. The success of this effort demonstrates the potential of focused efforts by proponents of Corporate Social Responsibility to effect positive changes in policies and practices at publicly held companies.

Our program is involved in a number of efforts to build on the framework of this successful effort at Home Depot. We believe other companies have much work to do to achieve environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.

Post-consumer wastepaper continues to choke our landfills and incinerators. There is no shortage of wastepaper and P&G should be using as much of it as possible. In our view, the best way to make good on your pledge to prevent or reduce the environmental impact of your products would be to establish a comprehensive recycling strategy, which would include concrete goals for recycled paper content and an aggressive strategy for achieving them.

A recent report by the WorldWatch Institute found that because of soaring consumption, increases in the overall generation of paper waste have outpaced any growth in recycling. The report, Paper Cuts: Recovering the Paper Landscape, contains some sobering facts. One-fifth of all wood harvested in the world ends up in paper; it takes between 2 and 3.5 tons of trees to make a ton of paper; pulp and paper are the fifth largest industrial consumer of energy in the world and use more water per ton than any other product.

The report concludes that enhanced efforts by businesses, the largest consumers of wood fiber, to reduce paper use, improve papermaking efficiency, and expand the use of non-wood or "tree-free" materials could cut global consumption of wood fiber by more than half by reducing paper consumption in industrialized countries, while allowing growth in developing countries to meet basic needs.

A key element in a commitment to environmentally sustainable practices would be setting goals for recycled content in paper products and then using your firm's considerable skills and purchasing clout to find the ways to get there. We would be very happy to work with you to develop such a policy.

In addition to the information requested above, we would very much appreciate receiving an overview of the company's commitments to the use of recycled content and what progress has been made in that regard to date.

Recycled Content Goals

Post-consumer wastepaper continues to choke our landfills and incinerators. There is no shortage of wastepaper and companies that make and market paper products should be using as much of it as possible. An essential element of any company's commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility should include goals for recycled paper content and an aggressive strategy for achieving them.

A recent report by the WorldWatch Institute found that because of soaring consumption, increases in the overall generation of paper waste have outpaced growth in recycling. The report, Paper Cuts: Recovering the Paper Landscape, contains some sobering facts. One-fifth of all wood harvested ends up in paper; it takes between 2 and 3.5 tons of trees to make a ton of paper; pulp and paper are the fifth largest industrial consumer of energy in the world and use more water per ton than any other product.

The report concludes that enhanced efforts by businesses, the largest consumers of wood fiber, to reduce paper use, improve papermaking efficiency, and expand the use of non-wood or "tree-free" materials could cut global consumption of wood fiber by more than half by reducing paper consumption in industrialized countries, while allowing growth in developing countries to meet basic needs.

We are asking Procter & Gamble, a major marketer of tissue and towel products, to develop recycled content goals for its products. We are also asking Staples to commit to selling office paper with an average recycled content of 50%.

See our Resources section for more information on these issues.

 

 

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